ACL Injury The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a dense fibrous band composed of collagen fibrils, measuring about 3.5–3.8 cm in length and around 1 cm in transverse diameter. It originates from the posteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle, positioned well posterior to the longitudinal mid-axis of the femur, within the intercondylar notch. From there, it runs in an anterior, inferior, and medial direction through the notch. Distally, the ligament diverges to form a horseshoe-shaped

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) TEAR An ACL tear causes knee pain, swelling, and instability, often after twisting or pivoting injuries. Physiotherapy is essential for recovery, whether managed conservatively or after surgery. It focuses on reducing pain and swelling, restoring knee range of motion, strengthening the quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip muscles, improving balance and proprioception, and retraining functional movement. Progressive rehabilitation enables safe return to daily activitie